Abstract
Administration of genetic expression by multi-task proteins and long-range action
Highlights
In eukaryotes, a gene must be switched on or off at a given time of development, in a given tissue, in a given environment
It is well evidenced that these enhancers contact promoters with looping of in-between chromatin
At the β-globin locus (Palstra and Grosveld, 2012), the Igf2/H19 parent-of-origin imprinted locus (Singh et al, 2012), or at the immunoglobulin heavy chain antibodies locus (Birshtein, 2012), CTCF confers a basal folding to the genome, creating the proximity necessary for the productive contacts
Summary
A gene must be switched on or off at a given time of development, in a given tissue, in a given environment. To meet these specific obligations and accommodate their diversity, the gene mobilizes genetic elements all over the genome and factors which are not necessarily transcription-specific. Enhancers were the first elements found to act ata-distance from the gene, as exhaustively reviewed by Palstra and Grosveld (2012), starting from the β-globin locus, a model for cellular differentiation.
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