Abstract
Adipose tissue stem cells (ASCs), known as multipotent stem cells, are most commonly used in the clinical applications in recent years. Adipose tissues (AT) have the advantage in the harvesting, isolation, and expansion of ASCs, especially an abundant amount of stem cells compared to bone marrow. ASCs can be found in stromal vascular fractions (SVF) which are easily obtained from the dissociation of adipose tissue. Both SVFs and culture-expanded ASCs exhibit the stem cell characteristics such as differentiation into multiple cell types, regeneration, and immune regulators. Therefore, SVFs and ASCs have been researched to evaluate the safety and benefits for human use. In fact, the number of clinical trials on ASCs is going to increase by years; however, most trials are in phase I and II, and lack phase III and IV. This systemic review highlights and updates the process of the harvesting, characteristics, isolation, culture, storage, and application of ASCs, as well as provides further directions on the therapeutic use of ASCs.
Highlights
Adipose tissue stem cells (ASCs) are considered as a type of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) in stromal vascular fractions (SVF) which are isolated from fat tissues enzymatically
Most authors agreed that ASCs have strong multipotent potential differentiation—easy to harvest and isolate; large and various origins; varying in application method; and high anti-inflammation, immune regulating and angiogenic effects compared to other stem cells and compared to other clinical therapies [8,16]
Human adipose stem cells have been researched as regenerative medicine in various diseases with promising results
Summary
Adipose tissue stem cells (ASCs) are considered as a type of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) in stromal vascular fractions (SVF) which are isolated from fat tissues enzymatically. ASCs can directly differentiate into specific cell lineages such as keratinocytes, fibroblast-like cells, and endothelial cells, together with the release of growth factors and cytokines, all that promote angiogenesis, development, migration of fibroblasts, and production of fibronectin and collagen These results are consistent in 14 clinical trials data (in clinicaltrial.gov datasheet). Most authors agreed that ASCs have strong multipotent potential differentiation—easy to harvest and isolate; large and various origins; varying in application method; and high anti-inflammation, immune regulating and angiogenic effects compared to other stem cells and compared to other clinical therapies [8,16]. It is necessary to further evaluate large-scale ASC transplantation studies in animal and human trials
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