Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a promising tool for the treatment of bone diseases or skeletal lesions, thanks to their ability to potentially repair damaged tissue. One of the major limitations of ASCs is represented by the necessity to be isolated and expanded through in vitro culture; thus, a strong interest was generated by the adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF), the noncultured fraction of ASCs. SVF is a heterogeneous cell population, directly obtained after collagenase treatment of adipose tissue. In order to investigate and compare the bone-regenerative potential of SVF and ASCs, they were plated on SmartBone®, a xenohybrid bone scaffold, already used in clinical practice with successful results. We showed that SVF plated on SmartBone, in the presence of osteogenic factors, had better osteoinductive capabilities than ASCs, in terms of differentiation into bone cells, mineralization, and secretion of soluble factors stimulating osteoblasts. Indeed, we observed an increasing area of new tissue over time, with and without OM. These data strongly support an innovative idea for the use of adipose SVF and bone scaffolds to promote tissue regeneration and repair, also thanks to an easier cell management preparation that allows a potentially larger use in clinical applications.
Highlights
Regenerative medicine based on stem cell ability to potentially repair injured tissues is a promising treatment for many orthopaedic problems [1, 2]
The regenerative ability of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) derived from adipose tissue depends on soluble factors released and on the presence in SVF of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs), which have multipotent differentiating capabilities
Both ASCs and SVF differentiated into OBs expressing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and were able to mineralize when cultured in osteogenic medium (OM)
Summary
Regenerative medicine based on stem cell ability to potentially repair injured tissues is a promising treatment for many orthopaedic problems [1, 2]. The availability of adult stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can be retrieved by adipose tissue, has dramatically enlarged their potential field of application [3,4,5,6,7]. SVF contains MSCs called adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs), which are able to differentiate in bone, cartilage, and adipose tissue [7, 8] and have been successfully used in human patients without the need of a surgical procedure [9]. Many clinical trials tested infusion of ASCs or SVF alone or in combination with platelet-rich plasma (PRP): they showed
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