Abstract
Hypertensive disease today is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, as well as the most common disease associated with obesity. Evaluation of the level of adipokines, namely adiponutrin and galanin, depending on the degree and duration of hypertension, the degree of obesity and their correction against the background of combined antihypertensive therapy is relevant for further understanding of this comorbidity and improvement of the early diagnostics. 127 people were examined, including 107 patients with hypertension of degree 1–3 and 20 healthy persons. Of the patients included in the study, the adiponutrin and the galanin levels were determined in 58 patients, out of which 22 were prescribed different regimens of combined antihypertensive therapy. To determine the level of adiponutrin and galanin, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used. A significant increase was found in the blood serum of the examined adipokines in comparison with the control group: the galanin level was 4.8 times higher than in the control group, the adiponutrin level in patients with this comorbid pathology was 3.3 times higher than that in the control group. The galanin level is most pronounced in patients with hypertension of degree 3 and obesity of degree 3, which is confirmed by the presence of a direct correlation with systolic, diastolic and pulse blood pressure, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The adiponutrin level in the blood serum increased correspondingly to the increase in body mass index: in patients with obesity of degree 3 it was 15.8 times higher than this indicator in patients with normal body weight, 8.8 times higher than in patients with overweight, 6.1 times higher than in patients with obesity of degree 1 and 2.5 times higher than in patients with obesity of degree 2. The levels of the studied adipokines in patients differed also relative to the duration of hypertension. There was a 1.8-, 5.1-, 5.2-fold increase (respectively, ≤5, 6–10, >10 years) of the galanin content in the blood serum compared to the control group. Also an increase of the serum adiponutrin level was noted in comparison with the control group. Against the background of combined antihypertensive therapy, we observed favourable dynamics of galanin and adiponutrin. It is important to conduct further studies to assess the activity of galanin and adiponutrin with a longer follow-up period in wider populations.
Highlights
Today, human pathology can be characterized by such features as the prevalence of chronic diseases, the genesis of which is predominantly of multifactorial nature, the prevalence of diseases characterized by systemic damage, as well as the progressive growth of comorbid conditions, which are among the main problems of modern medicine.The term comorbidity, introduced by A
The analysis revealed statistically significant differences, while the Kruskal – Wallis H test was: for GAL – H = 47.93; P < 0.001, for ADPN – H = 68.27; P < 0.001; it was found that the GAL level in all subgroups of patients with different body mass index (BMI) was significantly increased compared to the control group (P 0.001), and the maximum GAL level was observed in the group of patients with hypertension and obesity of degree 3 (Me = 166.5 pkg/mL)
In the studied group of patients, there was observed a significant increase in galanin and adiponutrin in comparison with the control group
Summary
Human pathology can be characterized by such features as the prevalence of chronic diseases, the genesis of which is predominantly of multifactorial nature, the prevalence of diseases characterized by systemic damage, as well as the progressive growth of comorbid conditions, which are among the main problems of modern medicine.The term comorbidity, introduced by A. A clear example of the relevance and importance of the problem of comorbid conditions is hypertension (HD), which today is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Based on office BP values, it was found that the number of patients in the world with hypertension in 2015 was 1.13 billion people. It caused about 10 million deaths and more than 200 million cases of disability (Forouzanfar et al, 2017). HD is the most common disease associated with obesity, which acts both as a risk factor for its development, and as a factor, determining the global cardiovascular risk in patients with HD (Williams & Mancia, 2018). The further prevalence of HD is only increasing – it is predicted that by 2030, 1/2 (57.8%) of the total adult population of the world will have a body mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2 or higher (Ogden et al, 2016)
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