Abstract
Background The controversial roles played by major adipocytokines such as resistin, leptin and adiponectin in obesity and insulin resistance were extensively studied. This study aims to explore for the first time the possible effect of a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and smoking on non-diabetic individuals and associations to other metabolic parameters. Results In females there were significantly lower adiponectin levels among those with family history compared to those without (p 0.045); BMI and family history of type 2 diabetes contributed significantly to adiponectin levels with 43.7% variance (r 2 19.1; p 0.018). In males there was a significant decrease in resistin levels of those with smoking history (p 0.05). Linear regression showed a correlation between log resistin and LDL, and ApoA1 in all subjects (p-values 007, 0.0009 and R 2 0.12, 0.08 respectively). Conclusion This study showed for the first time that among the three adipocytokines, adiponectin was the only one to exhibit variations in females alone with regard to a family history of type 2 diabetes; the rest were independent of smoking. This study supports the view that adiponectin is a potential risk marker for type 2 diabetes.
Highlights
The controversial roles played by major adipocytokines such as resistin, leptin and adiponectin in obesity and insulin resistance were extensively studied
Resistin was identified in the mouse by screening differentiated adipocytes for genes repressed by the antidiabetic drug rosiglitazone, a member of the class of insulin-sensitizing drugs known as thiazolidinediones (TZDs), which are thought to target peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)-γ
Given the above established effects of these major adipocytokines on obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus we aimed to correlate, for the first time, the effects of their serum levels on other major risk factors such as a family history of type 2 diabetes, personal smoking history and other metabolic parameters in a non-diabetic Saudi population, owing to the growing prevalence of diseases related to these conditions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Summary
The controversial roles played by major adipocytokines such as resistin, leptin and adiponectin in obesity and insulin resistance were extensively studied. Mouse resistin is expressed exclusively in adipocytes (Heilbronn et al 2004; Utzschneider et al 2005) and inhibits their differentiation in culture. Circulating levels of resistin are increased after high-carbohydrate meals (Utzschneider et al 2005) and in genetically and diet-induced obesity (Heilbronn et al 2004). In mice fed with a high-fat diet, anti-resistin antibodies improved blood glucose and insulin action (Heilbronn et al 2004). Human resistin is expressed only at low levels in adipose tissue (Arner, 2005; Chen et al 2005), and its contribution to these disease states is unclear
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