Abstract
The review presents data on adhesive and biofilm-generating capacity of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria, promoting microbial colonization of gastrointestinal tract and their application as constituents of probiotics. The structural elements 
 involved in adhesion include pili-like formations, cell surface proteins (adhesins, S-layer proteins, moonlighting proteins), exopolysaccharides, lipoteichoic and teichoic acids. Methods of studying the adhesive properties of bacteria and the main 
 environmental factors affecting the expression of genes engaged in the mechanism of adhesion have been considered.
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