Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, dietary factors, and S-Klotho plasma levels in sedentary middle-aged adults.

Abstract

The ageing process can be influenced by different dietary patterns and dietary factors. To analyse the association of dietary factors, which include the Mediterranean diet adherence, the compliance with the "Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria" food portion recommendations, and the intake of different food groups, with the secreted form of the α-Klotho gene (S-Klotho as an anti-ageing marker) in middle-aged sedentary adults. A total of 74 (39 women) middle-aged sedentary adults participated in the study. Dietary factors were assessed with a food frequency questionnaire and the PREDIMED questionnaire. The S-Klotho plasma levels were measured using a soluble α-Klotho ELISA assay kit. We observed: (i) a negative association between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the S-Klotho plasma levels (β = -53.219; R2 = 0.078; P = 0.020), (ii) a higher intake of wine (>7 glasses/week), was associated with lower S-Klotho plasma levels (P = 0.039), and (iii) a positive association between nuts portion intake and the S-Klotho plasma levels (β = 26.087; R2 = 0.070; P = 0.029). All the associations disappeared after controlling for lean mass index (LMI) (all P > 0.05). Our study suggests that, although dietary factors could be related to S-Klotho plasma levels in middle-aged sedentary adults, LMI is the main determinant in this regard.