Abstract

The syndrome has been known by various names over time depending on the organisation publishing the diagnostic criteria, including “hyperkinetic reaction of childhood” (DSM-II), “hyperkinetic disorder” (ICD-9 and ICD-10), “attention deficit disorder with or with hyperactivity” (DSM-III-R), and “attention deficit with hyperactivity disorder” (DSM-IV and DSM-5). Nuances and differences do exist between the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) published by the World Health Organisation, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). Consequently, variations in the criteria and names do exist, but solid common traits remain. The recent publication of the fifth version of the DSM offers an opportunity to review current concepts.

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