Abstract
Abstract The conversion of adenosine to inosine (A→I) by RNA editing is an increasingly recognized RNA processing event by which multiple RNA and protein isoforms can be generated from a single genomic locus. This type of modification was first observed in yeast tRNAs (1, 2), but has since been identified in multiple viral RNA transcripts and cellular mRNA species (3–5). Since inosine preferentially base-pairs with cytidine, an inosine within RNA transcripts is read as guanosine during translation, often resulting in specific change(s) in the amino acid coding potential of the mRNA, which can dramatically alter the functional properties of the encoded protein product. In several instances, A→I editing events have also been described in untranslated RNA species (e.g. tRNAs) (6, 7) and non-coding regions of mRNA transcripts (8–11), suggesting that such modifications may also affect other aspects of RNA function including translation, splicing and stability.
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