Abstract
Acute mesenteric adenitis (or mesenteric lymphadenitis, LM) is an inflammatory condition of the mesenteric lymph nodes that can simulate acute appendicitis and is a common cause of abdominal pain in children. This review aims to examine the causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of LM in pediatric patients. LM is often triggered by viral infections, including coronavirus, and presents symptoms such as pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, fever, nausea and vomiting. The diagnosis is made mainly by exclusion, with the help of imaging tests such as ultrasound, which reveals enlarged lymph nodes. Differential diagnosis with appendicitis is crucial, and ultrasound, including the use of POCUS (point-of-care ultrasound), has proven to be a valuable tool in identifying LM in emergency settings. Treatment is generally conservative, with supportive measures such as analgesics and hydration, in addition to antibiotics when indicated. In some cases, such as prednisone treatment, pain can be significantly relieved. Most LM is self-limited, with recovery usually taking one to four weeks. This review highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate management, minimizing unnecessary interventions and providing effective management for affected children.
Published Version
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