Abstract
Seed isoflavone content of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) is a trait of moderate heritablity and an ideal target for marker selection. To date over 20 QTL have been identified underlying this trait among seven populations. The objectives of this study were to identify additional QTL and candidate genes controlling isoflavone content in a set of recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations of soybean grown in two different seasons. Variations of isoflavones namely daidzein, glycitein and genistein contents over two growing seasons and locations suggests that isoflavones are influenced by both genes and environments. Six QTL were identified on five different chromosomes (Chr) or linkage groups (LG) that controlled daidzein (Chr_2/LG-M; Chr_17a/LG-D2), glycitein (Chr_2/LG-D1b; Chr_8/LG-A2) and genistein (Chr_8/LG-A2; Chr_12/LG-H) respectively in the seeds grown in season 2010. Two QTL were identified for daidzein (Chr_6/LG-C2; Chr_13b/LG-F), two QTLs for glycitein (Chr_1/LG-D1a; Chr_17c/LG-D2) and five QTLs for genistein (Chr_3/ LG-N; Chr_8/LG-A2; Chr_9/LG-K; Chr_18/LG-G) in the seeds of the 2011 growing season. Genes located within QTL confidence intervals were retrieved and gene ontology (GO) terms were used to identify those related to the flavonoid biosynthesis process. Twenty six candidate genes were identified that may be involved in isoflavones accumulation in soybean seeds.
Highlights
Isoflavones are secondary metabolites produced mainly by Papilionoideae subfamily to which soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] belongs
Updated genetic maps have been created for the soybean genome and the recent consensus map was created using 1,536 single nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNPs) markers, which showed that the soybean genome is approximately 2,300 centimorgans in length (Hyten et al, 2010) The creations of genetic linkage maps for soybeans have proved useful for identifying QTL (Hyten et al, 2010) and for this purpose recently we developed a genetic linkage map of soybean from recombinant inbred line (RIL) of MD 96-5722 by ‘Spencer’ using the SoySNP6K Illumina Infinium BeadChip Genotyping Array (Akond et al, 2013)
The QTL identified for glycitein content on linkage groups (LG)-D2 by Gutierrez-Gonzalez et al (2009), on the same LG and same position we reported a QTL for glycetin
Summary
Isoflavones are secondary metabolites produced mainly by Papilionoideae subfamily to which soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] belongs. The most studied soybean seed isoflavones are genistein, daidzein, and glycitein that have numerous health benefits in humans and some animals (Alderkreutz, Banwart, Wahala, Makela, Brunow, Hase, & Arosemena, & Vickery, 1993; Setchell, 1998; Regal, Frazer, Weeks, & Greenberg, 2000; Hedlund, Johannes, Miller, 2003) These compounds have antimutagenic activity (Miyazawa, Sakoano, Nakamura, & Kosaka, 1999), reduce the risk of breast and prostate cancer (Wang, Wang, Lu, Kao, & Chen, 2009; Jiang, Payton- Stewart, Elliott, Driver, Rhodes, Zhang, Zheng, & Wang, 2010), reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis and have effect on ameliorate the symptoms of menaupose in women (Regal et al, 2000; Hedlund et al, 2003). The biological effects of the isoflavones on human appear to depend on purity and dose of isoflavones, age of consumed person, and other dietary cofactors (Knight & Eden, 1996)
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