Abstract
The purpose of these studies is to assess the adaptive resistance of the apple tree to winter stresses in terms of physiological and biochemical parameters, to identify the most resistant varieties for cultivation in the Krasnodar region. Objects of research are apple varieties of various origins: Orfey, Idared, Ligol, Prikubanskoe. It was found that the cryoprotective function of water-soluble sugars was maximally manifested in the varieties Orfey and Ligol, their content increased by 2.56 and 2.7 times, respectively. Soluble proteins made the greatest contribution to the formation of a protective response in Orfey and Prikubanskoye varieties in January, their content increased 1.8 and 1.9 times, respectively, compared to December. The protective function of anthocyanins was maximally manifested in December in the Orfey variety, in the bark of which their content increased by 5.6 times. Physiological and biochemical adaptation of apple varieties to low negative temperatures of the winter period is achieved by increasing the content of water-soluble sugars, proteins in anthocyanins in the bark and buds. According to the obtained data, the apple varieties Orfey and Prikubanskoye showed themselves to be more adaptive in comparison with other studied varieties and are recommended for cultivation in the Krasnodar region.
Highlights
The most important environmental factor that determines the growth and development of the apple tree is the climate
The soil and climatic conditions of the Krasnodar region are favorable for the industrial production of apple fruits with high consumer qualities, but the apple tree yield decreases as a result of the impact of winter stress factors, including those that have arisen in connection with climate change
It was revealed that the studied apple varieties in the unstable climate of southern Russia implement a similar mechanism for the formation of winter hardiness, which has quantitative differences in the content of some metabolites in the pre-winter and winter periods
Summary
The most important environmental factor that determines the growth and development of the apple tree is the climate. This process is associated with many structural, physiological, biochemical changes in plant cells [1,2,3,4,5], and with a change in the expression of a certain set of genes [6, 7]
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