Abstract
A comparative assessment of the effectiveness of 4 difenoconazole-based fungicides in the fight against apple scab in the Krasnodar region and the Rostov Region for several years has been carried out. The preparations Sercadis Plus, SC were applicated at a rate of application of 1.2 l/ha; Embrelia, SC – 1.5 l/ha; Cidely Top, DС – 0.7 l/ha and Tersel, WG – 2.5 kg/ha three times, against different infectious backgrounds, starting with the “pink bud” phenophase (the end of flowering stage). The following apple cultivars were used: Idared, Champion and Golden Delicious. Research has shown that all studied fungicides significantly reduced the scab infestation of apple leaves and fruits. This resulted in obtaining additional yield in the range of 12.6-46.0%. The fruit grade was high after the treatments: 93.0-100% in the Krasnodar region and 81.5-91.5% in the Rostov Region, while in the nil treatment the percentages of standard products were 68.5% and 44.6%, respectively. According to the toxic load indicator, difenoconazole-based fungicides, such as Embrelia, SC (11.6 LD50 per hectare), were less dangerous for the fruit cenosis.
Highlights
In areas of the intensive fruit growing, fungicides from many chemical classes with different mechanisms of action are applicated to fight apple diseases
The preparations Sercadis Plus, SC were applicated at a rate of application of 1.2 l/ha; Embrelia, SC – 1.5 l/ha; Cidely Top, DС – 0.7 l/ha and Tersel, WG – 2.5 kg/ha three times, against different infectious backgrounds, starting with the “pink bud” phenophase
Fungicides: Sercadis Plus, SC (75 g/l fluxapyroxad + 50 g/l difenoconazole), a rate of application of 1.2 l/ha; Embrelia, SC (100 g/l isopyrazam + 40 g/l difenoconazole), a rate of application of 1.5 l/ha and Cidely Top, DС (125 g/l difenoconazole + 15 g/l cyflufenamid), a rate of application 0.7 l/ha were applicated three times by spraying vegetative plants, starting with the “pink bud” phenophase up to the “Fruits” phenophase
Summary
In areas of the intensive fruit growing, fungicides from many chemical classes with different mechanisms of action are applicated to fight apple diseases. The scientifically substantiated rotation of pesticides reduces the likelihood of resistance formation and does not lead to the massive development of the disease, which is especially relevant for the scab pathogen [1,2]. An important tactical technique is the application of combined preparations [3,4]. The treatment of pome fruits with triazoles, especially with difenoconazole-based triazoles (Skor, EC), was very successful. Many researchers believe that the main reason for the decrease in the effectiveness of preparations that inhibit ergosterol synthesis is repeated and uncontrolled treatments of orchards, which led to a decrease in the sensitivity of the phytopathogen [5-10]. An undoubted success was the discovery of strobilurins, due to which protective measures became ecologically oriented
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