ADAPTIVE IRRIGATION RATIONING

Abstract

This article deals with the problem of the widespread development of irrigation in the territory of the Saratov Trans-Volga region, which led to the deterioration in the reclamation state of lands, which can be suspended by developing perfect irrigation rationing through automated programs. Therefore, the issue of increasing the effi ciency of irrigation rationing by determining the total water consumption of plants, taking into account the water regime of the soil, the state of the active surface, weather conditions and biological characteristics of the crop is relevant. The article presents mathematical dependencies used to develop an automated system for adaptive irrigation rationing on the example of alfalfa culture in the conditions of the dry steppe Trans-Volga area of the Saratov region. When choosing a method for determining evaporation, a comparison was made of the results of calculating evaporation using the methods of N.N. Ivanov and the Budyko-Zubenok method. The known dependences of the dynamics of the water regime of the calculated soil layer, water consumption, coeffi cients characterizing the biological characteristics of the crop in the process of growth and development, the state of the active surface, the calculated irrigation rate, the condition for maintaining the moisture reserves of the active soil layer in the optimal range, ensuring minimal water loss and optimal moisture supply of the crop are given that form the basis of the automated calculation program for adaptive rationing by irrigation. Adaptive rationing by irrigation consists in determining the total water consumption by an agricultural crop, taking into account the water regime of the soil, the state of the active surface, meteorological information and the biological characteristics of the plant (crop). A program of adaptive irrigation regulation is proposed on the example of a crop – alfalfa, which will improve the efficiency of irrigation water use in the Saratov Trans-Volga region, and as a result will improve the ecological situation in this region.