Abstract
Adaptive array processing methods have been developed and applied in a number of areas including radar, communications, and underwater acoustics. Assessing the performance of these methods is more difficult in the underwater acoustics context due to the complex influence of the ocean environment on the signal and noise fields. Arrivals across the array are not plane waves, as typically assumed in radar and communications problems, but are solutions to the wave equation applicable to the particular ocean environment. This paper describes an efficient computational method that interfaces the full‐wave solution for horizontally stratified media with adaptive array processing algorithms. The computational method has been used to provide coherent arrival data for full‐wave array beam pattern calculation, and noise spatial‐correlation matrices for deriving array gain corresponding to various adaptive arrays. The computational method has been used to study a number of important array processing issues for multidimensional arrays with large number of elements in oceanic environments. Example issues discussed in the paper include applicability of partially adaptive beam‐forming algorithms, sensitivity of array performance to environmental parameters such as bottom composition, convergence rates of adaptive nulling algorithms in underwater environments, and array calibration.
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