Adaptive Ability and Stability of the Genotypes of Collection Samples of Green Beans in Siberia

Abstract

The interaction of the genotype with individual groups of factors has long been the research subject of plant breeders and geneticists. The phenomenon of the "genotype-environment" interaction accompanies the entire history of plant breeding. Due to the necessity of expanding the area of green beans cultivation and the climatic variability, assessing the gene pool of this crop by its adaptive ability and stability for isolating highly plastic and stable genotypes with high productivity is quite relevant. This task is also important for searching for genotypes resistant to biotic and abiotic stress. The article provides an assessment of the adaptive ability and stability of the following green beans varieties: overall adaptive ability, variance of the specific adaptive ability, relative stability, and breeding value of the genotype. The studies were performed at the experimental field of the Garden of Michurinists Educational and Production Farm of the Novosibirsk State Agricultural University. In 2015 – 2018, the authors studied the adaptive ability and stability of 16 varieties of bushy green beans by the main components of the crop productivity. The adaptive ability, the relative stability, and the selective value of the genotypes were determined by the method of A. V. Krichevsky, according to which the adaptive ability is the ability of a genotype to maintain its inherent phenotypic manifestation of the trait in particular environmental conditions. The overall adaptive ability (OAA) of the genotype characterizes the average value of a trait in various environmental conditions, and the specific adaptive ability (SAA) — a deviation from the OAA in a particular environment. The analyzed parameters were calculated by the yield of green beans based on the results of four years of hybrids cultivation. The comparative analysis of common green bean varieties showed a wide polymorphism in terms of the OAA, the SAA, and the breeding values of the genotypes (BVG). This allows identifying promising genotypes to be included in the selection process by certain characteristics.