Abstract
Fire protection is a basic safety issue for all categories of buildings. The criteria for effective fire suppression and the characteristics of extinguishing systems in insulated areas depend on a combination of factors. The main influences include the type of combustible material, ambient temperature, type of spray extinguisher, air inflow and outflow conditions, and space geometry. This article analyzes the most widely used fire-extinguishing technologies in different locations. The main aspects of using the pulsed delivery technology of extinguishing liquid are considered. Based on the analysis of publications from the last decade, it is possible to develop intelligent systems for recording fires and extinguishing fires in the premises.
Highlights
Despite the intensive work on the development of technologies for fire suppression and fire localization, fire-fighting in buildings and structures has been relevant for many decades [1,2,3]
From experience [13,14,15], it is clear that these elements are effective in some case and highly ineffective in others, because their actuating speed depends on the conditions of the fires
In order to optimize the location of the sensors, the authors proposed an algorithm, the function of which is the minimum time for detection of a fire
Summary
Despite the intensive work on the development of technologies for fire suppression and fire localization, fire-fighting in buildings and structures has been relevant for many decades (the number of such fires in the territories of the states of the world community has not decreased) [1,2,3]. Researchers [5,6] have summarized and described the results of studies on extinguishing “A” class (solid fuels) fires, and it has been established [5] that it is always possible to determine a critical volumetric flow of liquid below which a fire cannot be suppressed It was shown in [5] how the quenching time decreases with increased liquid flow. More recent studies (e.g., [7]) have indicated that aerosol efficiencies can be significantly higher when blowing droplets into the base of a fire, resulting in faster fluid evaporation and displacement by oxygen It was established in [8] that the distances between the flame, spray nozzle, and water flow are key extinguishing parameters. It can be concluded that the most promising systems are the so-called intelligent fire registration and extinguishing systems
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