Abstract
The article deals with the current state of unemployment in Ukraine. Comparison of the unemployment rates with the European countries is conducted. The employment policy in the European Union (EU) was analyzed. The analysis and generalization of features of labour market in countries of the EU are conducted. The scientific results and tasks for further research were outlined. The actual problems of the current development of the labour market in Ukraine and countries of the EU are revealed. The main purpose of the paper is to explore the theoretical aspects of the formation of employment system and to consider the European experience of employment systems regulation in selected countries. The study revealed that in today's conditions of development of the national economy the labour market occupies an important place. One of the most important tasks of any state is defined to be the regulation of the labour market. At the present stage, the problems of the labour market become the most urgent in countries of the EU. This is due to a change in the structure of the pan-European labour market, as well as to the globalization of the world economy. The study found that overcoming unemployment and increasing employment are the main tasks of the EU. The main drivers, motivations and consequences of undeclared work in the EU are identified. The impact of the European employment strategy was studied. Regulation of EU main programs and initiatives that concern the lowering of unemployment, the main aim of which is improving of the education and employability of people was examined. Based on the analysis of the relevant European experience, challenges have been identified that should be taken into account when developing the state employment policy of Ukraine in the medium and long run periods. The recommendations regarding the borrowing of Ukraine's positive experience of the EU towards the employment policy are provided. Analysis of the labour market in the EU and Ukraine showed that the European integration of Ukraine opens the possibility for sustainable economic development. Borrowing of foreign experience will allow Ukraine to create conditions for more efficient functioning of the system of employment. The practical value of the research presented in the article is in identification of promising directions for increasing the efficiency of employment policy in Ukraine on the basis of the experience of member countries of the EU.
Highlights
The creation of a common labour market, freedom of movement for workers in the European Union (EU), a common strategy for employment can be considered as one of the most important achievements of the EU
In some European countries, the youth unemployment rate is over 40 percent and the ratio to the adult unemployment rate is above 3, meaning that young people have more than 3 times the chances of adults to experience unemployment
A wide range of commonly used methods of scientific research has been applied, namely: a retrospective analysis, which determines the nature and causes of unemployment; methods of statistical analysis used to study the impact of various macroeconomic indicators on employment; methods of comparative analysis − to compare the views of scientists − economists on the employment policy and the study of employment processes in different economies; methods of systems analysis
Summary
The creation of a common labour market, freedom of movement for workers in the EU, a common strategy for employment can be considered as one of the most important achievements of the EU. The global economic crisis, demographic aging trends and global competition significantly affected the labour market by worsening employment conditions, still the EU continues to pursue a targeted policy for balancing the labour market, using pan-European and national capabilities. Countries where youth unemployment is still very high despite the end of the world financial and economic crisis are the peripheral ones in the East and South. The main reason why this is the case is that high youth unemployment countries experience sluggish economic growth. Education systems need important reforms and investment, which should not be blocked by the constraints set by the Maastricht Treaty and the Fiscal Compact (Aina et al, 2013; Bongardt et al, 2013; Maisto et al, 2017; Pastore, 2017)
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