ADAPTABILITY INDICATORS OF WINTER TRITICALE VARIETIES IN REINFORCEMENT CONDITIONS OF ARID CLIMATE ON NORTH WEST OF ROSTOV REGION

Abstract

The average annual temperature over the past 40 years has increased by 2.5°С, over the past decade by 3.4°С. There was a redistribution of precipitation over time, their amount increased in the autumn-winter period and decreased in the spring-summer. The change in the aridity index from 2.65 (long-term average) to 1.72 in the last decade testifies to the increase in the aridity of the climate. For the period 1981-2021. in 7 cases, the autumn vegetation proceeded under favorable conditions, spring-summer in 4. In other years, it proceeded under conditions of varying degrees of aridity. Previous studies have shown that winter triticale exceeds winter wheat in terms of grain yield, on average over decades, by more than 1 t/ha. Therefore, in terms of overcoming the negatives of aridization, triticale has more advantages than winter wheat. In order to develop this paradigm, a study was made of the adaptive properties of 12 winter varieties of triticale, created at different times, in comparison with the standard variety Kapriz. The maximum yield was formed by the variety Argus (2016 - 12.58 t/ha). On average, over the years of study, the Ataman Platov variety was the leader for two predecessors (8.04 t/ha). High stress resistance was found in the Hector variety (SC -5.57), along with this, the variety is characterized by a high level of general and specific adaptive ability, adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions. Varieties Donslav, Ataman Platov, Ramses, Priam and Argus are demanding on environmental conditions. Varieties Hector and Blues react poorly to worsening growing conditions and have advantages in adverse conditions and low agricultural backgrounds. The variation in productivity depending on the year and the predecessor was significant for all varieties. An integral indicator reflecting the productivity and adaptability of a variety is the breeding value of the genotype. According to this indicator, the varieties Ata-man Platov, Hektor, Forte (4.22; 4.31; 4.04) stand out, the highest was in the variety Aznavour (4.44). These genotypes combine high productivity with a stable yield. When cultivating them (and they are approved for sowing in different regions of Russia), it is recommended to pay attention to their biological characteristics. Key words: triticale, cultivar, productivity, adaptability, increased aridity.