Acute Sleep Curtailment Increases Sweet Taste Preference, Appetite and Food Intake in Healthy Young Adults: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Eri Tajiri,Yoichi Hatamoto,Hideki Shiratsuchi,Shigeho Tanaka,Eiichi Yoshimura,Seiya Shimoda

doi:10.3390/bs10020047

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the effect of acute sleep curtailment on sweet taste preference, appetite and food intake, and the correlation between food intake and sweet taste preference or active ghrelin using a randomized crossover design (5 h sleep curtailment vs. 8 h control). Twenty-four participants (11 men) aged 21.4 ± 1.0 years, with BMI 19.8 ± 1.7 kg/m2, who habitually slept 5 h/night or more experienced interventions lasting three consecutive nights. Participants came into the laboratory for testing on day 4. Fasting blood tests were conducted at 8:00 a.m. to measure active ghrelin and leptin levels. Sweet taste preference was assessed by presenting five different concentration sucrose solutions at 9:00 a.m. Ad libitum intake at breakfast was assessed for 30 min from 9:30 a.m. Sweet taste preference was higher following sleep curtailment than control. Active ghrelin was likewise higher following sleep curtailment than control. Leptin did not differ between conditions. Energy intake was higher following sleep curtailment than control, being derived primarily from carbohydrates. However, sweet taste preference and active ghrelin did not correlate with energy intake. These results suggest that acute consecutive sleep curtailment increases sweet taste preference, active ghrelin, and energy intake in healthy young adults.

Highlights

IntroductionEpidemiologic studies have concluded that sleep curtailment contributes to obesity [1,2]
Epidemiologic studies have concluded that sleep curtailment contributes to obesity [1,2].A meta-analysis of the effect of sleep curtailment on energy balance reported that energy intake was increased by 385 kcal in the sleep curtailment condition compared with normal sleep [3]
The present study focused on the effect of sleep curtailment on sweet taste preference and appetite and the association between these variables and food intake

Summary

Introduction

Epidemiologic studies have concluded that sleep curtailment contributes to obesity [1,2]. A meta-analysis of the effect of sleep curtailment on energy balance reported that energy intake was increased by 385 kcal in the sleep curtailment condition compared with normal sleep [3]. Numerous studies have investigated the association between sleep curtailment and energy intake [4,5,6,7,8], the factors that increase energy intake in the sleep curtailment condition are not understood. Several studies have reported that energy intake, especially from fat and carbohydrate, increases in the sleep curtailment condition compared with a control sleep condition. One fMRI study reported that neural regions involved in pleasure-seeking and food-related behaviors were activated by unhealthy compared with healthy foods in the sleep curtailment condition [9].

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Discussion

Conclusion