Acute kidney injury following paraquat poisoning: An uncommon case of acute toxic nephropathy in Nigeria

Abstract

1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride (paraquat) is a very rare cause of acute toxic nephropathy in Nigeria unlike in Asia-Pacific region. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides which are highly toxic to humans especially when ingested. Paraquat poisoning is associated with high case fatality of up to 52% with pulmonary and renal complications as the major causes of mortality. We reviewed the case notes of a 23-year-old female who was managed for acute kidney injury (AKI) following paraquat poisoning. We present a case of a 23-year-old female who developed nonoliguric AKI that was diagnosed 3 days following paraquat poisoning. She was managed with hemodialysis and had complete renal recovery. Patients with paraquat poisoning have a high risk of developing AKI which may be delayed; hence, renal function should be closely and continuously monitored in them. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment is key to reducing the associated morbidity and mortality.