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Abstract
Objectives: To see the risk factors, clinical presentations and radiological profile of acute ischemic stroke in young adults in a tertiary-care hospital of North India. Methods: This study was conducted among 50 acute ischemic stroke patients (clinically and radiologically confirmed) irrespective of sex within the age group of 15-45 years admitted to Department of Medicine (Emergency Unit) after getting clearance from Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC). A proforma for each of the acute ischemic stroke patients was maintained where all clinical information in brief including particulars of the subject, chief complaints, past history, proper general physical examination and systemic examinations etc were recorded. The patients had been undergone plain CT (computed tomography) scan/MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) brain on admission for radiological confirmation and to localize the site of lesion in brain. Results: Hypertension (56%) was the most common risk factor among acute ischemic stroke in young adults, followed by heart disease (54%). Majority of the acute ischemic stroke patients presented with hemiplegia (84%). Beside, imaging findings confirmed left sided brain lesion in majority of the patients (52%) and anterior circulation as the most common territory involved in the brain. Conclusions: Hypertension is very common among the young acute ischemic stroke patients. Most common clinical presentation is hemiplegia. Thus, the knowledge of the risk factors, clinical presentation and radiological findings of acute ischemic stroke in young adults can help in prevention, better understanding and therapeutic decision making in the disease management.
Highlights
Stroke is defined by the sudden onset of a neurological deficit due to a focal vascular cause
Majority of the acute ischemic stroke patients presented with hemiplegia (84%) followed by altered consciousness (28%) and aphasia
Similar finding had been reported in a study by a group of Indian authors.[12],[13] According to several studies, hypertension is the single common risk factor which is significantly associated with acute ischemic stroke.[10],[11][14] In this study, 14% of the acute ischemic stroke patients were smokers
Summary
Stroke is defined by the sudden onset of a neurological deficit due to a focal vascular cause. The high variability of the clinical presentation of stroke is because of the complex anatomy of the brain and its vasculature.[1] Ischemic stroke in young adults can affect the individuals, their families, and societies in general, as the patients are affected in the economically productive period of their lives. Almost two thirds of the global burden of acute ischemic stroke is in developing countries.[2] Nearly 10%30% of all stroke patients in India are within the young adult age group.[3]-[5] The risk factors of acute ischemic stroke in young adults are more diverse compared to those in the elderly. Proper knowledge of the risk factors of acute ischemic stroke in young patients can prevent the burden of the www.ssjournals.com
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