Acute effects of marijuana smoke on complex operant behavior in rhesus monkeys

Abstract

The acute behavioral effects of marijuana smoke were assessed in rhesus monkeys using a battery of food-reinforced complex operant tasks that included incremental repeated acquisition (IRA, n=9), conditioned position responding (CPR, n=8), progressive ratio (PR, n=8), delayed matching to sample (DMTS, n=6), and temporal response differentiation responding (TRD, n=3). Marijuana or placebo smoke was delivered by a specialized face mask 15-min before sessions at exposure levels of 1, 5, 10, and 15 puffs (35cc/puff) or one cigarette smoked to a butt length of approximately 10 mm (approximately 20 puffs). Marijuana smoke caused significant disruptions of performance in all tests except PR after exposure to 10 or more puffs. Generally, response rates decreased or latencies to respond increased. Performance in the PR test was not consistently affected by marijuana exposure. Accuracy of responding was not altered by marijuana smoke at doses lower than those that decreased response rates in the IRA or CPR tests. In the three animals performing under all five schedules, the relative sensitivities for detecting marijuana behavioral effects were DMTS = TRD > IRA = CPR > PR. These results suggest that performance under operant schedules that are thought to represent some aspect of time perception, short-term memory, learning, motivation, and position discrimination show differential sensitivity to disruption by marijuana smoke, a finding similar to that noted previously for iv THC administration.