Abstract
Because of its simple operation, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is becoming more popular than the original form, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), in regenerative dentistry. PRF preparation requires plain glass blood-collection tubes, but not either anticoagulants or coagulation factors. However, such glass tubes designed for laboratory testing are no longer commercially available. Although several glass tubes specifically designed for PRF preparation are available, many clinicians prefer to obtain stably supplied substitutes, such as silica-coated plastic tubes produced by major medical device companies. The quality of PRF prepared by silica-coated tubes has not been assessed and we previously reported significant contamination of silica microparticles in the resulting PRF matrix and alerted clinicians against the use for PRF preparation. To further assess the biosafety of the silica microparticles, we presently examined their effects on human normal periosteal cells derived from alveolar bone. The periosteal cells were obtained from explant cultures of small periosteal tissues obtained from healthy donors. Silica microparticles were obtained from silica-coated tubes and added to cell cultures. Cellular responses were monitored using a tetrazolium assay, phase-contract inverted microscopy, an immunofluorescence method, and scanning electron microscopy. Silica microparticles adsorbed onto the cell surface with seemingly high affinity and induced apoptosis, resulting in significant reduction of cell proliferation and viability. These findings suggest that silica microparticles contained in plastic tubes for the purpose of blood coagulation are hazardous for various cell types around sites where silica-contaminated PRF matrices are implanted.
Highlights
Due to their high cost–performance ratio, platelet concentrates, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), have been increasingly and widely applied in regenerative medicine
In a previous study [2], we demonstrated using spectrophotometric and microscopic methods that silica microparticles detached from the inner wall are immediately incorporated into the platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) matrix
In comparison with the negative control, Cytrans Granules, silica microparticles derived from Neotube and Vacuette significantly reduced cell viability at the dilution of 1:32 and 1:16, respectively
Summary
Due to their high cost–performance ratio, platelet concentrates, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), have been increasingly and widely applied in regenerative medicine. The necessity for glass tubes and the alternative use of silica-coated tubes are explained by the activation of coagulation factor XII by the negatively charged silanol groups on the glass surface [4]. The surface of silica, which is a. Odontology (2020) 108:545–552 major component of glass, is negatively charged. Silica microparticles used for surface coating can be detached upon blood collection and act ubiquitously to activate the coagulation cascade more efficiently than glass [3]. Silica-coated tubes have become routinely used for serum testing
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