Abstract
Abstract The channel angle (Φ) is the most critical parameter for an ECAP die and a variety of trials and variations were tried with ECAP with Φ values ranging from 90° to 135° by many researchers. Some finite element models suggest that reducing the Φ value further below (acute) increases the magnitude of plastic strain imparted to the work piece per pass, but the homogeneity of strain imparted reduces. Referring to some independent works, it can be understood that providing back pressure through a second punch in the exit channel and restricting the flow of material improves the dislocation density, adding to the strain imparted. With the advent of a new method of providing back pressure, by providing a back pressure notch on the roof of exit channel, eliminates the need for a back pressure punch and a dual axis Universal Testing Machine (UTM).
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