Łańcuch wartości dużych zbiorów danych (big data) w rolnictwie – problemy i wyzwania regulacyjne

Abstract

The aim of the article is to take a closer look at the emerging big data value chain in agriculture and contribute to a better understanding of major regulatory problems and challenges that relate to the development and functioning of the said value chain. The analysis encompasses cases and experiences gained in the developed countries, and particularly in the EU. Currently, there are no specific regulations or public policies that would apply to big data sets and big data analytics in agriculture. The development trajectories of digital agriculture (or smart farming) are shaped primarily by provisions included in private contracts that bind farmers with agricultural technology providers. The approach to data analytics in such ecosystems is basically driven by the logic of corporate interests, which implies that lesser attention is being paid to general development needs of the sector or broader social interests. The current organization of the big data value chain basically favors the largest and the wealthiest farms. These patterns may contribute to increasing income inequalities in the sector. In the longer term, they may also harm sustainable farming systems. Although informal codes of conduct developed at industry level provide for general standards for agricultural data sharing and use, there is a need for specific regulations and policies that would support sustainable and inclusive digital transformation in agriculture. Taking into account the broader public value of aggregated agricultural data sets, such regulations and policies should particularly encourage a closer cooperation between the public and the private sector.