Activity of macrolides and fluoroquinolones against intracellular Legionella pneumophila

Abstract

To evaluate the activity of macrolides and fluoroquinolones against Legionella pneumophila by intracellular susceptibility testing. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by standard agar dilution test according to the CLSI. For intracellular assays, legionella pneumonia was used to infect human monocytic cell line THP-1. Erythromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin at 1 × MIC, 4 × MIC, 8 × MIC were added following phagocytosis. Number of viable bacteria was enumerated at 24 h on BCYE (buffered charcoal yeast extract) agar in duplicates using standard plate count method. The result was expressed as percentage inhibition. Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the significant differences in mean percentage inhibition between agents. Percentage inhibition at 24 h were as follows: Erythromycin 1 × MIC (50.18 ± 27.29)%, 4 × MIC (79.48 ± 20.08)%, 8 × MIC (91.46 ± 8.70)%; Azithromycin 1 × MIC (66.77 ± 26.18)%, 4 × MIC (91.73 ± 8.72)%, 8 × MIC (97.10 ± 3.37)%; Levofloxacin 1 × MIC (99.84 ± 0.25)%, 4 × MIC (99.99 ± 0.02)%, 8 × MIC (99.99 ± 0.01)%; Moxifloxacin 1 × MIC (99.90 ± 0.10)%, 4 × MIC (99.99 ± 0.03)%, 8 × MIC (99.99 ± 0.03)%. The fluoroquinolones showed greater inhibitory activity than macrolides against legionella pneumophila(u = 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, P < 0.05). Levofloxacin and moxifloxacin had the same intracellular activity against legionella pneumophila (u = 190, 183, 217, P > 0.05). Azithromycin was more effective than erythromycin in inhibiting intracellular legionella pneumophila (u = 132, 125, 128, P < 0.05). The fluoroquinolones were more active than macrolides against legionella pneumophila. The intracellular activity of levofloxacin against legionella pneumophila appeared to be similar to moxifloxacin. Azithromycin was demonstrated to have superior activity against legionella pneumophila compared with erythromycin.