Activity of Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase (CYPs) Metabolic Enzymes as Markers of Insecticide Resistance in Anopheles vagus Muara Enim Mosquitoes, Indonesia

Abstract

A B S T R A C TThe use of synthetic pyrethroids in insecticide-treated bed nets (LLINs) and sprayform (IRS) has been carried out since 2012 in Muara Emil Village and since 2016 inall villages in Tanjung Agung District, Muara Enim Regency. Biochemical resistancecan occur to the enzymes that play a role in detoxifying the insecticide. This studyaims to identify whether there is an increase in the levels of the enzyme CytochromeP450 monooxygenase (CYPs) through the enzyme biochemical test on the malariavector mosquito Anopheles vagus originating from Pagar Dewa Village and MuaraEmil Village, Muara Enim Regency. The sample of female Anopheles mosquitoes wasnot full. Blood was taken at night using the resting collection method. Mosquitoesthat have been identified as Anopheles vagus species are used to check CYPs enzymelevels using the ELISA method. The results of the biochemical test showed thatenzyme levels increased from the Muara emil and Pagar Dewa village mosquitoeswith a percentage of 71% and 61.53% (with cut off point OD> 0.165). The value ofCYPs enzyme levels for mosquitoes from Muara Emil village was higher than that ofthe mosquitoes from Pagar Dewa Village (mean 0.005027 ± 0.007). The increasedactivity of the CYPs enzyme plays a role in the detoxification of synthetic pyrethroidinsecticides that can cause resistance. The high levels of enzymes from the villagesof Muara Emil and Desa Farah Dewa are in line with intensive insecticide exposurein eradicating malaria vectors in the highest malaria transmission areas in MuaraEnim Regency.