Activity measurements of calcium, sodium, potassium, and chloride after equilibrium dialysis used to show lack of evidence for protein interference with calcium electrodes.

Abstract

We measured the activity of Ca2+, Na+, K+, and Cl- with ion-selective electrodes after equilibrium dialysis of solutions with different albumin concentrations. The calculated Donnan ratio was the same for all ions in the same solution and increased with the albumin concentration, as predicted by the Donnan theory. The Donnan distribution ratio for Ca2+ was similar, as determined with instruments from three different manufacturers. For healthy subjects and patients with renal stone disease, we did not find any correlation between serum concentrations of ionized calcium and albumin. The discordance between measured ionized calcium and albumin-corrected total calcium depended on the correction algorithm we utilized. The difficulties of absolutely proving or disproving a protein error in these measurements are discussed, but our data are not consistent with protein being a source of error in measurements of ionized calcium.