Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysts are often used at large to produce biodiesel from non-edible vegetable crude oils such as Jatropha curcas oil (JCO). In this study, an active heterogeneous CaO catalyst was synthesized from a tropical biodiversity seashells Anadara granosa (A.granosa). The catalytic efficiency of A.granosa CaO was investigated in transesterification of JCO as biodiesel. The A.granosa CaO catalyst was synthesized using 'Calcination - hydration - dehydration' protocol. The spectral characterization of the catalyst were investigated by employing FT-IR, SEM, BET and BJH spectrographic techniques. The experimental design was executed with four reaction parameters that include catalyst concentration (CC), methanol ratio (MR), transesterification time (TT) and reaction temperature (RT). The JCO transesterification reactions as well as impact of reaction parameters on the Jatropha biodiesel yield (JBY) were analyzed. The sufficiency of the experimental results conformed through sequential validation tests, as a result, an average of 96.2% JMY was noted at optimal parametric conditions, CC of 3wt. %, TT of 120 min, MR of 5 mol. and RT of 60C at a constant agitation speed of 300rpm. An average JMY of 87.6% was resulted from the A.granosa CaO catalyst during their recycling and reuse studies up to third reuse cycle
Highlights
Ever increasing energy needs for the world’s comprehensive developments emphasis on intrinsic and sustainable approaches into multiphase coherent and seamless research for the future[1]
The Jatropha biodiesel yield (JBY) optimization was achieved through analysis of four principal reaction parameters include catalyst concentration, methanol ratio, transesterification time and reaction temperature
Jatropha biodiesel was produced from Jatropha curcas oil (JCO) following a two-step transesterification based on many preliminary laboratory experiments to analyze all-important parameters such as catalyst concentration (CC), transesterification time (TT), methanol ratio (MR), and reaction temperature (RT) were ascertained and analyzed in contrast with previous studies reported in the literature[15,16]
Summary
Ever increasing energy needs for the world’s comprehensive developments emphasis on intrinsic and sustainable approaches into multiphase coherent and seamless research for the future[1]. The renewable feed stocks such as edible and non-edible vegetable oils, algae oils, animal fat wastes etc.[3,4] were prominent in biodiesel production by their transesterification with methanol and a catalyst. To minimize the demand for edible oils and to maintain sustainable human food cycle, non-edible feed stocks such as Jatropha curcas, a euphorbia family plant mainly grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions, has accomplished both commercial and researcher’s attention, besides the plants supplementary benefits[4]. The present research reports on CaO synthesis with higher surface area form A.granosa seashells to produce an active CaO heterogeneous catalyst. The A.granosa CaO catalyst reusability together with economic catalyst synthesis in comparison with a commercial CaO were investigated
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