Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to isolate and evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antitumor activity of the methanolic constituents of Forsskaolea viridis.
 Methods: The isolation and purification of phytochemical constituents were performed in the present study using various chromatographic methods (thin-layer [TLC], preparative paper [PPC], and column chromatography [CC]) where, the structures of isolated compounds were determined using different spectroscopic methods (Mass spectroscopy [Ms], ultraviolet [UV], proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance [1H-NMR and 13C-NMR]) and confirmed by data reported in the literature. The biological activity of the methanolic extract was performed as in vitro studies by diffusion agar technique, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH), and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor activity, respectively.
 Results: The chemical studies led to the isolation of five flavonoids and two phenolic compounds for the first time from this plant. The methanolic extract exhibited potent antimicrobial activity (13–26 mm) against some of the tested strains while it showed fair antioxidant and cytotoxicity activity.
 Conclusion: It can be concluded from the results that the methanolic extract of F. viridis has potential antimicrobial activity while fair antioxidant and antitumor activity.
Highlights
Ever since ancient times, humans were looking for drugs to rescue their disease
Chemical studies The isolation of active chemical constituents of the methanolic extract of F. viridis aerial parts was performed according to the scheme Fig. 1
The identification and structure elucidation of the purified phenolic and flavonoid compounds were done by comparison, Rf values, UV, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C-NMR spectral data with the reported data in the literature
Summary
Humans were looking for drugs to rescue their disease. At this time, there is no medicinal source help them in the treatment of their diseases other than medicinal plants which provided humankind with herbal remedies for several diseases for many centuries. Urticaceae comprises 54 genera and more than 2000 species of herbs, shrubs, small trees, and a few vines [1]. Forsskaolea is a small genus in the Urticaceae family, represented by six species, distributed in Canary Isles and Southeast Spain eastwards to Pakistan, Africa, and Arabia to West India [2]. We concerned to focus our study on the methanolic extract of F. viridis aerial parts and its biological activity of F. viridis aerial parts
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