Abstract
As an attempt to utilize of rare earth elements as a novel method to activate the silent genes in fungus, the marine-derived fungus Penicillium citrinum was cultured under ordinary laboratory fermentation conditions in the presence of scandium chloride (ScCl3, 50 μM), and chemical investigation led to the isolation and characterization of three new peptide derivatives (1–3), along with four known pyrrolidine alkaloids (4–7). Those structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data interpretation, as well as chemical reactions. Comparative metabolic profiling of the culture extracts (with/without scandium chloride) indicated that compounds 1–3 scarcely detected in the absence of ScCl3. In addition, the antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of all isolated products were evaluated.
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