Abstract
[EN] Unquestionably, the industry of Portland cement is in the midst of a major identity crisis because its manufacture is incompatible with the improvement of sustainable development, due to the large volumes of CO2 emitted, energy consumption, use of fossil fuels as well as factors related to the durability of Portland cement concrete. That is why today, there are numerous studies on possible alternatives to the use of Portland cement, among which are the alkali activated or geopolymer binders. These materials can incorporate in its development waste from various sources such as the petrochemical, agricultural, steel and even allows the reuse of various waste from the construction industry, while minimizing CO2 emissions and energy consumption in its preparation. In the manufacture of these alkali activated binders is also commonly used as activator solution mixtures of sodium hydroxide and waterglass. This product is expensive and can be environmentally unfriendly. That is why, must investigate new sources of waterglass with a lower economic and environmental cost. In the research it conducted a study on reuse two waste from different sources in the preparation of alkali activated binders for later use in construction. One is the spent catalyst catalytic cracking (FCC), from the petrochemical industry. It is the aluminosilicate material necessary for carrying out the process of geopolymerization. The second residue is the rice husk ash (RHA) in its original state and also ground, from the agricultural industry and is the source of silica needed to prepare the alkaline activator (instead of waterglass) with a material of high alkalinity. First, a physicochemical characterization of the two main waste and other materials are made. Then, a study on the different thermochemical treatments applied to the rice husk ash and NaOH to achieve the synthesis of alternative waterglass it is performed. Alkali activated pastes and mortars based on FCC have been prepared, both commercial waterglass as synthesized from the RHA, evaluating the influence of the type of treatment used in the preparation of alkaline activator on the pastes microstructure and the mechanical strength of mortars. The influence of the use of KOH in the manufacture of activator with rice husk ash or on the microstructure and mechanical properties of alkali activated pastes and mortars is analyzed. They have been made activated binders with the mixture of rice husk ash/ sodium hydroxide, using as an aluminosilicate material other waste different from FCC, such as blast furnace slag or ceramic bricks and even carbonated hydrated cement from the fine fraction of demolition waste. In the final chapter of the thesis, the results obtained in the manufacture of a geopolymeric concrete. It can be concluded that the aluminosilicate based geopolymer with FCC with an activator made from rice husk ash, have similar or superior properties to those made from commercial waterglass. This opens new ways for its use as an alternative, with lower economic and…
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