Abstract
This paper presents the basic problems and difficulties that can be found when working with isolated populations as far as propose some approaches in the analysis of this type of populations. 13 autosomal STRs have been analyzed and statistical forensic parameters, such as observed heterozygosity and power of discrimination have been determined, in samples from isolated and non-isolated populations. Samples were amplified with AmpFlSTR®Identifiler® kit (Applied Biosystems) and PowerPlex 16®kit (Promega). For DNA typing, an ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer was used, and the analysis was performed with GeneMapper ID-X Software v1.1. PowerStats software and SPSS v15.0 were used to calculate forensic and other parameters.The analysis is based on the comparison of three main population groups (large, medium, and small), and an estimation of the forensic parameters, such as discrimination power (PD), observed heterozygosity (Ho), and combined PD, was obtained.The obtained results reveal that heterozygosity and PD are lower in aboriginal populations than in other populations. This research contributes to defining the decrease in allele presence caused by the lower size of a population as far as endogamy processes.To obtain an efficient human identification, it is necessary to generate independent databases for all the different populations, including small isolated groups. Action protocols to these kinds of populations have to be adapted: type as many markers as possible, not only autosomal STR but also mitochondrial DNA and sexual chromosome markers and characterize those one that better describe the population, and also get genetic information of close relatives as far as direct references of the individual.
Highlights
The most common use of STRs is in forensic cases [1]
Three kinds of populations were used in this essay: large populations living in a vast territory, medium or large populations living in small territory, and small isolated populations
This project was carried out using the genetic data of 13 autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) polymorphisms in three classes of populations
Summary
The most common use of STRs is in forensic cases [1]. When a sample is identified with a specific genetic profile, the probability of discrimination can differ depending on the laboratory where it was processed and on the STR markers chosen and their population frequency. Some parts of the world are still isolated due to geographic, linguistic, or cultural factors. Endogamy is characteristic of isolated groups which creates a problem in forensic casework. There are a lot of similarities in terms of anthropology, geographic ethnicity, or culture, the populations may still exhibit major genetic differentiation [4]. When working with forensic samples coming from isolated and small populations, some problems in genetic identification can be found even when a direct relative is available
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