Abstract
Actinomycosis is a chronic bacterial infection with rare clinical manifestations caused by gram-positive, anaerobic, filamentous, non-acid fast bacteria. It causes little inflammatory reaction, and the immune system fails to limit the infectious condition. The disease therefore generally produces poorly defined abscesses, fistulous tracts and invasion of neighboring structures and can be confused with neoplasms. The most common clinical form is mandibular involvement, although chest conditions can develop and pelvic actinomycosis can occur in women. The diagnosis is performed through microbiological identification, which can be difficult if the condition is not suspected. The treatment of choice is penicillin, and the treatment duration should be long.
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