ACTINOBACTERIA AND ORGANIC FERTILIZERS FOR MANAGEMENT OF THE NEMATODE Scutellonema bradys IN YAM PLANTS

Juliana Fernandes Dos Santos,Carla Da Silva Sousa,Francisco De Sousa Lima,Dimmy Herllen Silveira Gomes Barbosa,Ana Cristina Fermino Soares

doi:10.1590/1983-21252016v29n304rc

Juliana Fernandes Dos Santos, Carla Da Silva Sousa + Show 3 more

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ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro nematicidal effect of metabolites produced by actinobacteria strains, aqueous extracts from fresh and dry biomass of leguminous plants (sunn hemp, pigeon pea and Gliricidia sepium), liquid residue from sisal (Agave sisalana Perrine ex Engelm) and cassava (Manihot esculenta) to control Scutellonema bradys. Strains of actinobacteria and leguminous plants (sunn hemp, pigeon pea and gliricidia) were evaluated against S. bradys in yam plants. Strains AC-92, AC-12, AC-50 and AC-52 showed nematicidal effect against S. bradys under in vitro conditions. The aqueous extracts from the fresh biomass of sunn hemp, gliricidia and pigeon pea are more efficient than the aqueous extracts of the dry biomass of these plants for control of S. bradys under in vitro conditions. The liquid residues from sisal and cassava, in concentrations above 20 %, also have nematicidal effect against S. bradys under in vitro conditions. The green manures (sunn hemp, pigeon pea and gliricídia) and actinobacteria strains, singly or in combination, are effective for the management of S. bradys in yam crop.

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The yam crop (Dioscorea cayennensis Lam var. rotundata Poir) has a significant socioeconomic importance in Northeastern Brazil, corresponding to 90% of the national production, especially in the states of Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Bahia, and Maranhão (SANTOS, 2002; MESQUITA, 2002)
Biological control has been presented as a viable alternative for phytonematode management, minimizing environmental damage and being economically advantageous when compared to conventional chemical methods (COIMBRA; CAMPOS, 2005)
These microorganisms are widely known for their production of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics and lytic enzymes (INBAR et al, 2005), which act on the control of several plant pathogens, including phytonematodes (COIMBRA; CAMPOS, 2005; SOUSA et al, 2005; SOUSA et al, 2006; SOUSA et al, 2009)

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Introduction

The yam crop (Dioscorea cayennensis Lam var. rotundata Poir) has a significant socioeconomic importance in Northeastern Brazil, corresponding to 90% of the national production, especially in the states of Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Bahia, and Maranhão (SANTOS, 2002; MESQUITA, 2002). Scutellonema bradys is one of the main nematode species that can infect this crop, because it penetrates the tuber epidermis for feeding and multiplication, during the period of tuber formation and growth, causing necrosis in the tubers, known as dry rot of yams (MOURA; PEDROSA; GUIMARÃES, 2001). Among the microorganisms with potential for use as biocontrol agents are the actinobacteria belonging to the Streptomyces genus, (HOSTER; SCHMITZ; DANIEL, 2005). These microorganisms are widely known for their production of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics and lytic enzymes (INBAR et al, 2005), which act on the control of several plant pathogens, including phytonematodes (COIMBRA; CAMPOS, 2005; SOUSA et al, 2005; SOUSA et al, 2006; SOUSA et al, 2009)

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