Abstract
The past decades of cancer immunotherapy research have provided profound evidence that the immune system is capable of inducing durable tumor regression. Although many commercialized anti-cancer immunotherapies are available to patients, these treatment options only scrape the surface of the potential immune-related treatment possibilities for cancer. Additionally, many individuals are ineligible for established immunotherapies due to their cancer type. The adoptive cell transfer of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes has been used in humans for over 30 years to treat metastatic melanoma, and continued modifications are making it increasingly more effective against other types of cancer. This comprehensive review outlines this therapy from its infancy through to the present day, bringing to light modifications and optimizations to the traditional workflow, as well as highlighting the influence of new methods and technologies.
Highlights
tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) : The Evolution of Keywords: adoptive cell therapy; tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; cancer immunotherapy; immunotherapy; CRISPR; checkpoint inhibition; T cells; cancer; combination therapy
CAR-T and T cell receptor (TCR-T) therapies involve extensive genetic modifications to arm the cells with unique, cancer specific receptors [6,7,8]
TIL-based Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a distinctive cell therapy, in which tumor-derived immune cells are expanded in a multi-step process and infused back into the individual
Summary
TIL : The Evolution of Keywords: adoptive cell therapy; tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; cancer immunotherapy; immunotherapy; CRISPR; checkpoint inhibition; T cells; cancer; combination therapy. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) makes up another class of immunotherapy in which an individual’s own immune cells are removed, manipulated, and administered back to them with the goal of providing a tumor-specific, cell mediated response against cancer [6]. This broad method includes chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T), engineered T cell receptor (TCR-T), and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Significant responses can be achieved with the therapeutic use of these cells with no genetic manipulation, predominantly in patients with metastatic melanoma With this extensive process comes numerous obstacles, including obtaining and expanding tumor-reactive
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