ACQUISITION OF EARLY CHILDHOOD PHONOLOGY : A CASE STUDY OF A 24 MONTHS TODDLER IN PALEMBANG

This study is aimed to find, study, analyze, and explain about the first language acquisition of a one year old child and the factors that affect it. The data source in this study is a one year old child. The data of this study is collected from the daily utterances of the one year old child. The child was observed in seven months. The observation took place in Banjar Adat Angantiga, Desa Petang, Badung, Bali. The method and technique of collecting data used in this study is the qualitative method with participated observation and unstructured interview. The note taking method is used in the observation and interview. The method and technique of analyzing data used in this study is qualitative descriptive method. The theory of early child language development by Otto (2015) is applied to analyze the acquisition of phonology, morphology, and syntactic in Bahasa Indonesia; factors that affect the language acquisition from KEMENRISTEKDIKTI RI (2018) is applied to analyze the internal and external factors that can affect the first language acquisition. The result of this study showed that in phonological aspect the one year old child can produce vocals /a/ /i/ /u/ /e/ /o/ /?/ /O/ perfectly. Most of the consonants are produced well whether it is in the beginning, in the middle, or in the final position. In the morphological aspect, it is found that the one year old child sometimes produce some meaningless words such as nyah nyah, mbew, yuh, etc. which are undefined and with no reference. In the syntactical aspect, the one year old child can produce one word and two words utterance, simple imperative sentences, negative utterance, and pronominal. The child language acquisition is affected by the internal and external factors. The internal factors are age, nature, genetic, and cognitive. The external factors that can affect the language acquisition are environment and technology.

Increased interest in the Indonesian language and culture among foreign students in the United States has drawn attention to the internationalization of Indonesian cuisine as an integral part of Indonesian Language for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) education. This research aims to explore the potential for the internationalization of the Indonesian language through a scientific-thematic approach by integrating Javanese culinary tourism into the Indonesian language teaching materials for international students (BIPA) in the United States. The study identifies how a learning method focused on Javanese culinary tourism can enhance international students’ understanding and proficiency in the Indonesian language, as well as how interactions with culinary culture help them comprehend the social, cultural, and historical values of Indonesia. This research employs a qualitative research method with a case study approach. Data is obtained through surveys and interviews with BIPA students studying Indonesian through culinary means, as well as instructors and program administrators at Yale University, United States. The data obtained from this research include expert validation data on the instrument’s feasibility, expert validation data on the effectiveness of the developed teaching materials, and practicality data of teaching materials in the form of practicality scores filled out by BIPA students and teachers. The results of this study indicate that, in teaching nasi goreng as a BIPA teaching material, it is crucial to ensure that the approach used is relevant, enjoyable, and tailored to the needs and proficiency levels of the students. As mentioned earlier, the integration of Javanese culinary tourism into Indonesian language teaching materials for foreign speakers using a scientific-thematic approach is an effective way to introduce nasi goreng and Indonesian culture to BIPA students in the United States or elsewhere.

There is a need for standards to set linguistic or language standards, or determine language parameter policies required by students. Analysis of language needs is one of the strategies to determine the proposed language policy in the field of education. One of them is by examining student needs for language learning as a material for redesigning the Indonesian Language Course Syllabus. The research focus is oriented to the needs of students reviewed based on an analysis of students' language needs in Indonesian Language Courses, as a material for redesigning the Indonesian Language Course syllabus in Bina Darma University, 2022. The researcher uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The data collection techniques was a questionnaire. Data analysis used content analysis. For the credibility of the research, the researcher did member checking. The results of the study discovered students' difficulties in language and students' needs for language skills as material for redesigning the syllabus for Indonesian Language Courses in Universities .

Online games become more popular among the children since the spread of Covid virus over the world in 2019. Childs became aware of playing online games though most of the plays use English as their communication. English language, as their second language must be comprehended as well. Word formation process of Indonesian and English language color the conversation. The study aims at analyzing word formation process of Indonesian and English language used by some Indonesian children when they are playing online games. The method used in this study is a qualitative method. According to Cresswell, a qualitative method is an approach or a research to explore and understand a central phenomenon. To understand this central phenomenon, the study was done by using qualitative observation and qualitative documents. The speaking of the participants was recorded during their playing on online games and transcribed phonemically. The transcription is classified into three parts. They are morphological process in English, morphological process in Indonesian, and morphological process in English and Indonesian. After classifying the data, then it’s analyzed by using Alwi and O’Grady theories. The results show that there is morphological process constructed on their conversation during their playing such as derivational and inflectional affixes, reduplication in word class of noun, mixing code Indonesian and English. The children spontaneously and fluently combine both Indonesian and English in constructing the word. However, Indonesian language is still dominantly used and influence to the use of English one.

There is a pressing need for professional Indonesian language teachers to enhance the learning experience for foreign speakers. This study focuses on examining language errors in BIPA (Indonesian for Foreign Speakers) learners' essay writing, particularly in terms of punctuation placement, sentence structure, word choice, and the factors contributing to these errors. A qualitative method with a case study approach was employed, utilizing data collection techniques such as document analysis and Voice Note (VN) recordings via WhatsApp. The primary data sources included essays from BIPA students in Timor Leste and voice recordings of BIPA teachers in Timor Leste. The study identified several language errors in the students' essays, including improper use of punctuation, incorrect word choice, and ineffective sentence structure. The researchers also uncovered several factors causing these errors: language and cultural gaps, insufficient learning resources and teaching staff, and inadequacies in the curriculum and foreign language learning policies. The implications of the research findings for BIPA learning are significant. To improve learning outcomes, it is essential to make learning resources more engaging and accessible. Additionally, addressing the gap between the targeted curriculum and student needs can be achieved by regularly evaluating and adjusting the language learning curriculum. Providing training to teachers and facilitating educators with a strong background in Indonesian language education are crucial steps to help BIPA students overcome their learning difficulties. These measures will contribute to a more effective and supportive learning environment for BIPA students.

This study aims to examine why teachers need to use diagnostic assessments of Indonesian language lessons in classes that implement the Teaching at the Right Level (TARL) approach. This study is a qualitative study with a case study approach. This study was conducted in class V (NUH) with 47 students. Data were obtained by collecting the results of diagnostic assessments of three different classes (up to medium, low) of Indonesian language lessons. The assessment was adapted from the book "Bahasa Indonesia: Anak-Anak Yang Ubah Dunia," published by KEMENDIKBUDRISTEK in 2022. The results of the study found that class VI, which was divided into three classes based on the results of the previous semester's report card scores and adjusted to the children's ability levels, showed significant differences between the level-up and low-level classes. 20 students were grouped in class NUH 1 (level up) and answered according to the instructions and directions of the questions with maximum scores. 15 students were grouped into NUH 2 (medium) class, 50% of students answered incorrectly, and 12 students were grouped into NUH 3 (low) class. Only 5 children followed the instructions and directions of the questions from the total of 12 children, plus it turned out that there were 2 students who needed reading assistance from the teacher. This study is expected to provide a strong reason that teachers are advised to apply diagnostic assessments before lessons to be used as a reference for providing stimulus or supporting media for learning, especially Indonesian language lessons.

This study discusses intercultural communication that occurs at the Kyai Syarifuddin Islamic Boarding School. Islamic boarding schools are places where students stay or can be said where students learn the Koran. They come from various backgrounds. The phenomenon of intercultural communication in Islamic boarding schools is very interesting to discuss. The purpose of this study is to explain how the patterns, behaviors, and barriers to intercultural communication in Islamic boarding schools. This research uses a qualitative method, with a case study approach. The research location is the Kyai Syarifuddin Islamic Boarding School, Wonorejo Lumajang. This study collects data by means of field observations. In addition, in-depth interviews were also conducted with the administrators and several male students from different origins. Data analysis is done by reducing, presenting, and formulating conclusions. The results of this study students experience a reduction in uncertainty in several ways that are practiced in Islamic boarding schools which include, students maintain ethics in communicating behavior, second; the pattern of communication between individuals is communication with intimacy by using the Indonesian language which occurs in the third; The most prominent obstacle in the communication process is language. To be able to overcome language problems in Islamic boarding schools, the students always ask questions in Indonesian.Keywords: Communication, Culture, Uncertainty Reduction, Islamic Boarding School

This study discusses intercultural communication that occurs at the Kyai Syarifuddin Islamic Boarding School. Islamic boarding schools are places where students stay or can be said where students learn the Koran. They come from various backgrounds. The phenomenon of intercultural communication in Islamic boarding schools is very interesting to discuss. The purpose of this study is to explain how the patterns, behaviors, and barriers to intercultural communication in Islamic boarding schools. This research uses a qualitative method, with a case study approach. The research location is the Kyai Syarifuddin Islamic Boarding School, Wonorejo Lumajang. This study collects data by means of field observations. In addition, in-depth interviews were also conducted with the administrators and several male students from different origins. Data analysis is done by reducing, presenting, and formulating conclusions. The results of this study students experience a reduction in uncertainty in several ways that are practiced in Islamic boarding schools which include, students maintain ethics in communicating behavior, second; the pattern of communication between individuals is communication with intimacy by using the Indonesian language which occurs in the third; The most prominent obstacle in the communication process is language. To be able to overcome language problems in Islamic boarding schools, the students always ask questions in Indonesian.Keywords: Communication, Culture, Uncertainty Reduction, Islamic Boarding School

The purpose of this study is to identify the challenges experienced in teaching and learning Bahasa Indonesia for foreigners during covid-19 as well as to find out the strategies and solutions undertaken during online learning. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative using case study approach in Bahasa Indonesia course at Khon Kaen University. The subjects in this study were 3 teachers and 2 students of Bahasa Indonesia class. The finding shows some challenges of learning Bahasa Indonesia such as barriers in communication, the low ability of self-regulated learning owned by students, and the lack of control over the morals and behavior of students during distance learning. While, the solutions offered are still technology-based learning, making short videos as learning material to improve emotional relationships between students and teachers, reducing the level of difficulty and prioritize meaningful learning, and conducting multi-literacy learning. On the other hand, the techniques used are producing teachers' labs, conduct self-assessment as a reflection of self-regulated learning, and involving parents as substitutes for instructors in controlling values and morals. Self-regulated learning, as well as parental involvement, are extremely needed.

Acquisition of language is a very long process, starting from when the child does not know a language until it is fluent. Mastery of a language by a child begins with acquiring the first language which is often called the mother tongue. Phonological acquisition is a part of language acquisition which is often called language development or growth. This study aims to describe and explain the language acquisition of children aged 1 year and 5 months at the phonological level. This study used a descriptive research design combined with a case study approach. The main data source was the research subject (Rhanidya, 1.5 years old), while the additional data source was Mrs. Rhanidya. The data in this study are utterances that come out of Rhanidya's sense of utterance. While the data collection techniques used by researchers are interview, observation, peer and note-taking techniques. From the results of the analysis of phonological acquisition, it was found that 34 words had been mastered by the research subjects. The 34 words are divided into vowels and consonants and vowel phonemes and consonants from Indonesian and Javanese. The results also show that the acquisition of language in children in the phonological aspect is influenced by environmental factors, especially family, this is indicated by the large number of vocabulary they get in the family environment and around them. Children are also able to pronounce some nouns, verbs, and adjectives.

ELEARNING TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPORTING OF EPISTEMIC COMPETENCIES

Prokem language is a language that is often used by adolescents, especially among high school students, which in its use often occurs in language symptoms in phonological, morphological, and semantic aspects. The purpose of this study are: 1) to describe the language of the program used by high school students, and 2) to describe the results of the analysis of the language of the aspects of language (phonology, morphology and semantics). Qualitative descriptive method is a method used by researchers in processing data. Data is collected using the observation method. All high school students were used by researchers as a population and 25 students as samples. The results showed: 1) high school students still use professional language when communicating with adults through WhatsApp social media, 2) based on the results of analysis from phonological aspects, students often change certain fonts, such as phonemes / a / phonemes / e /, phoneme additions , as well as the use of regional languages, 3) based on morphological aspects, there are uses of affixes derived from Sundanese, and 4) based on semantic aspects, students often use acronyms derived from English as well as prokem from Javanese and Arabic.

Linguistic characteristics in Indonesian and Benuaq language may be different and have their own characteristics, one of which is in their phonological aspects. This research aims to do a contrastive analysis of vowel and consonant phonemes in Indonesian and Benuaq language. It discusses about differences in vowel and consonant phonemes in Indonesian and Benuaq language. It uses structural linguistic theory to analyze the vowel and consonant phonemes based on phonological studies. It applies literature study method and interviews, like recording techniques and notes. The data analysis uses descriptive analytical methods to determine the differences in vowel and consonant phonemes. The results of this study reveal that Benuaq language has 23 consonant phonemes (b, p, pm, m, w, d, t, tn, s, n, l, r, j, c, ~ n , y, k, k G , g, G , q , h, and ?), six short vowels (i, u, e, | , o, and a), and five long vowels (i :, e :, u :, o :, and a :). Whereas, Indonesian has 22 consonant phonemes (b, p, f, m, w, d, t, s, s, n, l, r, j, c, ~ n , y, k, kh , g, G , h, and z), six short vowels (i, u, e, | , o, and a), and no long vowels. Both languages have differences and similarities in the contrastive analysis.

The role of broad language may be implied in the increased role of the nation. The implications also can be seen in the role of the Indonesian language in the international area. This phenomenon is evidenced by the approval of that Indonesian language becomes subjects at 200 universities in ASEAN. However, there are some problems faced by foreign students studying in Indonesia. The problems commonly are issues related to cultural differences. These issues become an obstacle for foreign students studying in Indonesia. This research was conducted using a case study and qualitative approaches. The informants were foreign students who were studying the Indonesian language in Surakarta. The research results found that lack of the understanding of foreign students to the culture obstructs to the Indonesian language skills. The differences in the cultural background between the countries of origin of foreign students to the culture that exists in Surakarta make foreign students adjust the process of cultural adaptation. The adaptation was performed using the approach of familiarity and proximity.

Language revitalization as a linguistic social movement that aims to preserve and promote local languages, is experiencing a paradigm shift in Indonesia. These shifts can be seen from the aspect of language status objects. That is meant here is that the object of language status in language revitalization is not only languages with minority and endangered status. All local languages in Indonesia can be revitalized. Based on these conditions, this study explores the shift in the language revitalization paradigm in Indonesia. This aims to explain the structure of paradigm shift and provide an explanation for understanding language revitalization in its historical development in Indonesia. The study method uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques from the results of literature studies. Data analysis refers to Thomas Samuel Kuhn’s structure of the scientific revolution in terms of paradigm shift. As a result, the shift in the language revitalization paradigm in terms of the language status object is based on the heterogeneity of languages in Indonesia. Meanwhile, all languages in Indonesia must and have the right to be preserved in accordance with statutory regulations. This condition makes the government regulate language revitalization regulations that apply to all languages so that all languages in Indonesia receive the same treatment in the context of language preservation efforts.