ACQUISITION OF ARMED FORCES IN THE UKRAINIAN LANDS AS A PART OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE LATE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURY

Abstract

The relevance of the article is that the effectiveness of any state structure largely depends on its leaders. In the army, this factor is extremely important, primarily due to the specifics of social relations inherent in the military organization. The main purpose of officers at that time was to train lower ranks in military affairs and command of troops in a combat situation. The solution of such problems was impossible without proper education and professional training, which was convincingly confirmed by the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. It is emphasized that in peacetime the main links in the system of military schools in the Russian Empire were: a) cadet corps, as well as general classes of His Imperial Majesty's Page, in which students received general secondary education. They were intended for the education and upbringing of children and adolescents who were later preparing to enter military schools and become officers; b) institutions that trained young people to serve as officers. Such were the military and cadet schools (existed until 1910), which trained officers for service in the cavalry and infantry, as well as engineering, military topographic and artillery schools, which were called special. In addition, this group included special classes of the Page of His Imperial Majesty's Corps. All these military educational institutions trained officers of the respective branches of the army and services; c) institutions for improving the education and special technical knowledge of officers of the active service. This group of institutions was divided into two categories: higher military educational institutions (military academies), in which officers received higher military education, and institutions designed to improve the theoretical and practical training of officers of different types of troops in accordance with their specialty (officer schools). It was found that graduates of cadet schools who graduated from the department with a military school course, who worked at some cadet schools, were promoted to the rank of officer along with graduates of military schools. This was due to the fact that these departments, where training was conducted according to the programs of military schools, accepted people with secondary or higher education.