Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related oral and/or cutaneous histoplasmosis: a descriptive and comparative study of 21 cases in French Guiana.

Abstract

Oral or cutaneous acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related histoplasmosis is a rare presentation of disseminated histoplasmosis. To describe this clinical presentation and to compare it with other forms of AIDS-related disseminated histoplasmosis. A cross-sectional study of patients with AIDS-related disseminated histoplasmosis was performed. CD4 counts and survival were compared between patients with oral or cutaneous histoplasmosis and patients with nonmucocutaneous disseminated histoplasmosis. The mean CD4 lymphocyte count was lower in patients with mucocutaneous lesions than in patients with nonmucocutaneous disseminated histoplasmosis (29 vs. 72/mm3, P = 0.002). The proportion of survivors 1 month after diagnosis did not differ significantly between the two groups (13/21 vs. 32/45, P = 0.4). At 6 months, the proportion of survivors was significantly lower for patients with mucocutaneous lesions (6/21 vs. 22/39, P = 0.03). These results suggest that mucocutaneous lesions occur at a later stage of human immunodeficiency virus infection, but are not, in themselves, associated with a higher level of mortality. The excess mortality at 6 months reflects deaths from other complications of severe immunodepression. This study confirms the polymorphism of mucocutaneous lesions, emphasizing the need for systematic testing for Histoplasma in all cases of mucocutaneous lesions in AIDS patients.