Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the acoustic-phonetic descriptions of speech production in speakers with cleft palate and other velopharyngeal disorders. Descriptions of the speech-language characteristics associated with velopharyngeal disorders have been derived from perceptually based information. Data from anatomic, radiographic, and electromyographic studies have documented the physiologic bases for the influence of velopharyngeal valving on speech. “Nazalization” refers not only to a change in the oral and nasal resonance balance when coupling of the oral and nasal cavities directs airflow nasally, but also to changes in other aspects of speech sound production which accompany nasal airflow. An understanding of the effects of nasalization on speech requires knowledge of the requirements for normal speech production and of nazalization as it occurs in normal speech, and the influence of nazalization occurring as a result of velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI). This understanding is necessary for interpretation of data derived not only from acoustic studies of speech but also from perceptual, radiographic, aerodynamic, and electromyographic studies.
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