Abstract
Coral reefs are coastal resources and very useful for marine ecosystems. Nowadays, the existence of coral reefs is seriously threatened due to the activities of blast fishing, coral mining, marine sedimentation, pollution, and global climate change. To determine the existence of coral reefs, it is necessary to study them comprehensively. One method to study a coral reef by using a propagation of sound waves is proposed. In this research, the measurement of reflection coefficient, transmission coefficient, acoustic backscattering, hardness, and roughness of coral reefs has been conducted using acoustic instruments and numerical modeling using Biot theory. The results showed that the quantification of the acoustic backscatter can classify the type of coral reef.
Highlights
IntroductionIndonesia has many types of coral reefs
As an archipelago country, Indonesia has many types of coral reefs
The objective of this research is to develop a methodology for effective ecosystem monitoring and mapping of tropical marine coral reefs using underwater acoustic technology in Seribu Island waters, Indonesia
Summary
Indonesia has many types of coral reefs. Coral reefs consist of geological structures of calcium carbonate built over time by tiny living organisms. These structures are found in the marine waters which contain nutrients. Coral reefs had been used for marine tourism, shoreline protection, and fishing ground to the local communities. Coral reefs, which are called rainforests of the sea, are the most biologically diverse ecosystems. They support variety of marine live forms, provide pharmaceutical materials, and generate income from tourism [1]
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