Abstract
Perturbations are induced by focusing a laser pulse (1064 nm, 10 ns duration, and energy ranging from 3.24 to 12.02 mJ) on a ceramic plate in the air. The generated signals are detected with an optical fiber-based Michelson interferometer. The detected waveforms are similar for various pulse energies, but the dimensions differ. Based on the partial differential equation system from linear acoustic theory, a simple model with a symbolic solution is proposed to explain the detected waveforms. Laser-induced wave energies are estimated based on the model.
Highlights
The high-energy, high-power laser pulse soon attracted researchers’ attention as a heating source after its invention,1 which naturally leads to the study of laser–material interactions, but the corresponding phenomena are not yet fully understood
With a Mach–Zehnder type of heterodyne interferometer, Jenot et al.8 studied line-source laser pulse-induced waves at the air–solid interface and concluded that, rather than the normal surface displacement, the air index variation near the interface contributes most to the detected signal, and the velocity of perturbation is close to the speed of sound, but the measurement of wave speed and perturbation distribution is done in an arguably crude way, and theoretical study for the waveform is not present
This suggests that the perturbations excited in our experiments are mild and have not exceeded the application scope of linear acoustic theory
Summary
The high-energy, high-power laser pulse soon attracted researchers’ attention as a heating source after its invention, which naturally leads to the study of laser–material interactions, but the corresponding phenomena are not yet fully understood. With a Mach–Zehnder type of heterodyne interferometer, Jenot et al. studied line-source laser pulse-induced waves at the air–solid interface and concluded that, rather than the normal surface displacement, the air index variation near the interface contributes most to the detected signal, and the velocity of perturbation is close to the speed of sound, but the measurement of wave speed and perturbation distribution is done in an arguably crude way, and theoretical study for the waveform is not present. Despite the fact that the numerical simulations often match the experimental results well, given its complexity, development of a simplified model still appears to be a valuable topic. In this context, we measured and analyzed the perturbations in the air induced by a focused laser at the air–solid interface in a detailed way. The model was utilized to calculate the laser-induced wave energy
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