Abstract
Punjabi language is one of the important languages among 22 official languages in India. It is spoken by about 105 million people in India. The present paper describes a study and results of detailed acoustic analysis of vowels, consonantal phonemes and tonemes as spoken by the speakers of Malwai dialect of Punjabi language. A database of 1500 words containing all the phonemes and tonemes, selected from a text corpus of 300, 000 words were used for the study. These words were recorded and segmented by using signal processing tools to analyze the samples of speech. Fundamental frequency, first three formants, and bandwidths for nasal and non-nasal vowels were measured. For the study of consonants, duration of sub-phonemic segments such as occlusion, burst, and VOT have been computed and compared. Special features of tonemes have been studied and compared with non-tonal phonemic segments. Tones are fully phonemic and words with similar spellings are distinguished by varying tones- low, mid, and high and corresponding accent marks. It has been observed that intonation plays a significant role in the discrimination of phonemes and tonemes. These results can be used to create PLS and phonetic dictionary of Punjabi speech.
Published Version
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