Abstract
By combining phased-array technology with recent developments in acoustic holograms, the authors enhance the capabilities of ultrasonic particle manipulation while reducing the cost. A 3D-printed hologram enables them to create high-fidelity force fields and manipulate small objects along complex paths. Attached to this hologram is an array of independent sound sources; controlling the output delay (phase) of these sources allows movement of the force field in space, yielding noncontact ``tweezers'' that can trap particles of almost any shape. Applications include 3D-bioprinting of cells to create designer tissues, as well as holding microorganisms in place for careful biological study.
Highlights
Holography is the spatial storage of the phase and/or amplitude profile of a desired wave form [1,2]
The hologram offers two key advantages; the first is the simplification of the driving electronics, as it only requires a single channel [10], and the second is the increased phase fidelity, which is only limited by the print or machining resolution
We demonstrate the capabilities of combining the dynamic phased array with the static hologram applied to particle manipulation
Summary
Holography is the spatial storage of the phase and/or amplitude profile of a desired wave form [1,2]. A coherent beam is passed through the hologram and the interference generates the desired wave form This effect is most well known in optics but has previously been demonstrated successfully in underwater ultrasound using threedimensional (3D) printed holograms [3]. Particle manipulation is an area of growing interest for a variety of applications, in the fields of pharmaceutics, biology, and chemistry [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21], due to its ability to interact with any material and its proven ability not to damage the viability of cells [22,23,24] It is a suitable candidate for emerging applications such as the delivery of food [25] and the creation of dynamic 3D displays [26].
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