ACL reconstruction with lateral extra-articular tenodesis using a continuous graft: 10-year outcomes of 50 cases

Abstract

BackgroundPersistence of pivot shift is the main problem after isolated intra-articular anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Adding lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) to the ACL procedure increases the knee's stability by controlling rotational laxity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical and radiological outcomes of combined ACL reconstruction with LET using a continuous hamstring graft as a first-line procedure. Material and methodsFifty patients were reviewed at 10 years postoperative. Subjective outcome scores –IKDC, Lysholm, KOOS and Tegner– were collected. A clinical and radiological assessment was done. The knees’ anteroposterior laxity was measured with a rollimeter. ResultsThe mean IKDC subjective score was 85.5, the mean Lysholm score was 90.2 and 80% of patients had a score graded as good or very good. No pivot shift was present in 94% of patients and there was a firm endpoint in the Lachman test in 86% of patients. There was a flexion deficit>5° in 5 patients and an extension deficit of 10° in one patient. Most patients (56%) had resumed their physical activities at the same level as before the surgery. Signs of osteoarthritis were found in 26% of patients (16% were Ahlback stage 1 and 10% were stage 2). There was only one graft failure. These good outcomes are consistent with other published studies on combined ACL-LET. There was neither significant stiffness, nor a higher rate of secondary osteoarthritis relative to ACL reconstruction only, particularly in the lateral tibiofemoral compartment. ConclusionAdding primary LET to ACL reconstruction improves control of rotational laxity over time without increasing the complication rate. Level of evidenceIV, retrospective study without control group.