Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are used as non-toxic, biodegradable, non-volatile, and relatively low-cost catalysts to synthesize 5-membered cyclic organic carbonates (COCs) from carbon dioxide (CO2) and different types of oxiranes in great conversion and selectivity. Single-component IL containing pyridinium salt moieties as quaternary amine, the carboxylic functional group as a H-bond donor, and bromine as a nucleophile and significant leaving group was synthesized by a simple method. The simultaneous selection and use of all mentioned factors in IL caused the epoxides converted into their corresponding carbonates under mild conditions, under 1 atm carbon dioxide (CO2) pressure (CO2 balloon), co-catalyst/ metal/ and solvent-free during 2.5 h. The synthetic catalyst converted styrene oxide (SO) to styrene carbonate (SC) with 100% conversion and selectivity. Moreover, the catalyst could be recycled more than four times before losing its remarkable catalytic activity. Finally, an inferential mechanism was suggested according to the experimental results.
Published Version
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