Abstract
Basic research suggests a protective effect of the long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids – eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) – against brain aging. In humans, many epidemiological studies have found an inverse association between fish consumption or high blood levels of EPA and DHA, and cognitive decline or risk of dementia. However, most randomized controlled trials with EPA and/or DHA supplements have failed to show any impact on cognitive decline. This paper analyses several reasons for such inconsistent results, including the time and duration of the supplementation, the cognitive and dietary inclusion criteria, the optimal doses of EPA and DHA, the interaction with genetic polymorphisms, and the need to consider synergistic effects between nutrients as they are provided by healthy diets.
Highlights
Par ailleurs l’alimentation apporte des nutriments comme les acides gras polyinsatures omega-3 a longue chaıne – acides eicosapentaenoıque (EPA) et docosahexaenoıque (DHA) – qui pourraient contribuer a proteger le cerveau contre les lesions neurodegeneratives et vasculaires, et les phenomenes d’inflammation et de stress oxydant qui les accompagnent (Barberger-Gateau et al, 2012)
Omega 3 fatty acid for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia
Summary
59 (phosphatidyl serine) 900 847 Ou 176 l’hypothese que les nutriments agissent en synergie. L’essai contro^le randomise contre placebo Souvenir II a evalue l’efficacite de Souvenaid chez des patients atteints de maladie d’Alzheimer moderee non traites (Scheltens et al, 2012). Meme si cet essai n’a pas montre d’impact sur les fonctions executives ou l’autonomie fonctionnelle, il constitue une preuve de concept de la possibilite d’une amelioration des fonctions cognitives avec une combinaison de nutriments chez des patients atteints de maladie d’Alzheimer. L’insulino-resistance et le diabete sont d’importants facteurs de risque de declin cognitif chez le sujet ^age et semblent aussi contribuer a deteriorer la captation du glucose par le cerveau (Baker et al, 2011). Il serait donc necessaire de concevoir et evaluer des interventions permettant d’optimiser ou de restaurer le metabolisme energetique cerebral en meme temps que d’apporter des omega-3 ou d’autres nutriments essentiels pour la prevention du declin cognitif du sujet ^age
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