Abstract
In 2015, Turkey submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) to the United Nations Framework on Climate Change Convention (UNFCCC) before the Paris Conference of the Parties (COP 21), expressing its intention to decrease emissions level at a rate of 21% from business as usual. This emissions reduction target is important as it is the first one for Turkey. However, Turkey faces unemployment problems and needs to sustain its growth. In this study, an Environmentally Extended Social Accounting Matrix (SAM), based on 2012 Input–Output data, was created, emissions reduction potentials of the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) together with the INDC were calculated, and alternative policies to reduce emissions to the target level and to boost the economy were proposed separately. The study finds that both the preparation and implementation of the previous national documents are problematic, and that Turkey was not meticulous about implementation of the climate mitigation policies in the previous national documents. The study also finds that reaching the emissions target with the INDC policies seems impossible and more conceivable policies are needed, and recommends that the INDC target and document itself should be revised substantially.
Highlights
The year 2015 was a milestone in climate change actions, as 196 Parties came together, 147 Parties submitted 119 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) (28 EU member countries submitted one aggregate INDC) which covered 86% of global emissions [1,2]
The INDCs vary in structure and content, and are insufficient to reverse the upward trend of global emissions by 2025 or 2030 and to keep the global temperature below the so-called 2 ◦C
This paper presents simulations based on output, employment, and GDP multipliers that enhance growth and increase employment to address the question of whether sustaining economic growth is possible while realizing the INDC target
Summary
The year 2015 was a milestone in climate change actions, as 196 Parties came together, 147 Parties submitted 119 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) (28 EU member countries submitted one aggregate INDC) which covered 86% of global emissions [1,2]. INDCs were adopted as the national plans solely addressing climate change mitigation after 2020 and were submitted prior to the Paris Conference of the Parties (COP 21). After Parties signed the Paris Agreement, many scientists conducted studies on vagueness and comparability of INDCs, Pauw et al [16], Seo [17], Winkler et al [18]; the gap between the global target and national contributions, Benveniste et al [19], Höhne et al [20]; and supplies and uses of financial resources under the UNFCCC, Ghezloun et al [21], Zhang and Pan [22]. An Environmentally Extended Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) was prepared from the 2012 input-output table of Turkey, and an analysis of policies drawn from the goals of the previous national climate change documents and policies generated by the authors was conducted using Multiplier Analysis method.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
