Abstract
A novel amperometric biosensor for the determination of Al(III) based on the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase has been developed. The immobilization of the enzyme was performed on screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with gold nanoparticles. The oxidation signal of acetylthiocholine iodide enzyme substrate was affected by the presence of Al(III) ions leading to a decrease in the amperometric current. The developed system has a detection limit of 2.1 ± 0.1 μM for Al(III). The reproducibility of the method is 8.1% (n = 4). Main interferences include Mo(VI), W(VI) and Hg(II) ions. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of Al(III) in spiked tap water. The analysis of a certified standard reference material was also carried out. Both results agree with the certified values considering the respective associated uncertainties.
Highlights
Aluminum determination at trace level is of great importance due to the possible human and environmental toxic effects of this element
The direct voltammetric determination of Al(III) with a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) is limited by the difficulty of reduction of Al(III) species and the concurrent reduction of hydrogen ions from aqueous acid solution at mercury electrodes
The AChE/AuNPS/screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) biosensors developed in this work show a sensitive chronoamperometric response to the enzyme substrate, ATI
Summary
Aluminum determination at trace level is of great importance due to the possible human and environmental toxic effects of this element. Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) have demonstrated numerous advantages as transducers in electrochemical biosensors [31] These advantages include ease of modification with different compounds such as nanoparticles (NPs) in order to create a more favorable electrode surface for interaction with enzymes. The determination of aluminum has been carried using an enzymatic biosensor based on the inhibitory effect of this element on the enzyme α-chymotrypsin [36] In this way, the fact, that the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme is usually inhibited by different compounds such as organophosphorate pesticides, metals and nonmetals [37,38,39,40] has led us to develop a new AChE based biosensor for the analysis of aluminum. To the best of our knowledge, there are no references about other biosensors using this enzyme for the determination of Al(III)
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